居民出行与轨迹行为交互模式挖掘与关联技术     

代维秀  陈占龙  谢鹏 《测绘学报》2021,50(4):532-543

出租车是居民出行的重要交通工具,其轨迹数据蕴含着丰富的居民出行信息。原始出租车轨迹数据因缺少语义信息无法直观反映居民出行规律。通过轨迹数据挖掘技术处理之后的出租车轨迹数据能够反映居民活动规律和行为模式,从而为城市规划决策提供参考依据。本文重点研究了基于语义的交互模式度量,通过出租车停留点推断其语义信息;然后根据语义信息构建语义交互矩阵,用以推断和描述行为目的交互模式;最后选取北京市中心为研究区域进行方法验证。结果表明,中心城区内不同类别的停留点聚集分布规律不同,围绕高校和商圈聚集较明显;工作日各类停留点的活跃度持续时间较非工作日长;工作日和非工作日行为目的交互模式差别显著,工作日以职住和工作交互为主,非工作日以休闲和居住交互为主。本文研究可以为城市规划管理、资源调度和应急管理提供一定的决策支持。  相似文献   

Re-examining urban region and inferring regional function based on spatial–temporal interaction     

Haiyan Tao  Keli Wang  Xuliang Li 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2019,12(3):293-310

Urban system is shaped by the interactions between different regions and regions planned by the government, then reshaped by human activities and residents’ needs. Understanding the changes of regional structure and dynamics of city function based on the residents’ movement demand are important to evaluate and adjust the planning and management of urban services and internal structures. This paper constructed a probabilistic factor model on the basis of probabilistic latent semantic analysis and tensor decomposition, for purpose of understanding the higher order interactive population mobility and its impact on urban structure changes. First, a four-dimensional tensor of time (T)?×?week (W)?×?origin (O)?×?destination (D) was constructed to identify the day-to-day activities in three time modes and weekly regularity of weekday/weekend pattern. Then we reclassified the urban regions based on the space clustering formed by the space factor matrix and core tensor. Finally, we further analysed the space–time interaction on different time scales to deduce the actual function and connection strength of each region. Our research shows that the application of individual-based spatial–temporal data in human mobility and space–time interaction study can help to analyse urban spatial structure and understand the actual regional function from a new perspective.  相似文献   

Finding and sharing GIS methods based on the questions they answer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Scheider  A. Ballatore  R. Lemmens 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2019,12(5):594-613

Geographic information has become central for data scientists of many disciplines to put their analyzes into a spatio-temporal perspective. However, just as the volume and variety of data sources on the Web grow, it becomes increasingly harder for analysts to be familiar with all the available geospatial tools, including toolboxes in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), R packages, and Python modules. Even though the semantics of the questions answered by these tools can be broadly shared, tools and data sources are still divided by syntax and platform-specific technicalities. It would, therefore, be hugely beneficial for information science if analysts could simply ask questions in generic and familiar terms to obtain the tools and data necessary to answer them. In this article, we systematically investigate the analytic questions that lie behind a range of common GIS tools, and we propose a semantic framework to match analytic questions and tools that are capable of answering them. To support the matching process, we define a tractable subset of SPARQL, the query language of the Semantic Web, and we propose and test an algorithm for computing query containment. We illustrate the identification of tools to answer user questions on a set of common user requests.  相似文献   

Distinguishing extensive and intensive properties for meaningful geocomputation and mapping     

Simon Scheider  Mark D. Huisjes 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(1):28-54

A most fundamental and far-reaching trait of geographic information is the distinction between extensive and intensive properties. In common understanding, originating in Physics and Chemistry, extensive properties increase with the size of their supporting objects, while intensive properties are independent of this size. It has long been recognized that the decision whether analytical and cartographic measures can be meaningfully applied depends on whether an attribute is considered intensive or extensive. For example, the choice of a map type as well as the application of basic geocomputational operations, such as spatial intersections, aggregations or algebraic operations such as sums and weighted averages, strongly depend on this semantic distinction. So far, however, the distinction can only be drawn in the head of an analyst. We still lack practical ways of automation for composing GIS workflows and to scale up mapping and geocomputation over many data sources, e.g. in statistical portals. In this article, we test a machine-learning model that is capable of labeling extensive/intensive region attributes with high accuracy based on simple characteristics extractable from geodata files. Furthermore, we propose an ontology pattern that captures central applicability constraints for automating data conversion and mapping using Semantic Web technology.  相似文献   

地震台站空隙角对地震定位精度的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

管勇  吴朋  马付红 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(3):53-59

利用四川测震台网记录的芦山余震资料,选取20个M≥2.5地震,以Loc3D(川滇)定位方法定位结果为标准。采用MSDP中常用定位方法(HypoSAT、HYP2000、LocSAT、单纯型),在人为增减台站情况下,使得台站空隙角在25°—320°范围内任意变化,采用相同震相和相同台站对选定的地震事件进行定位,并对定位结果与标准结果对比,结果表明:震中位置在台站空隙角25°—130°任意变化时,4种定位方法效果较好,差别不大;在空隙角达到130°时,震中位移具有随着空隙角增大而逐步变大趋势;在空隙角达到190°时,单纯型法震中位移明显加大,出现随机突跳现象。总体而言,LocSAT法定位效果较好,平均震中位移2.6 km,HYP2000法平均震中位移2.8 km,HypoSAT平均震中位移4.1 km,单纯型定位效果较差,平均震中位移10.3 km。  相似文献   

一种多层特征融合的道路场景实时分割方法     

周继苗  李必军  陈世增 《测绘通报》2020,(1):10-15

道路场景理解是自动驾驶领域中重要模块之一，它可以提供关于道路更丰富的信息，对于建立高精度地图和实时规划都具有重要作用。其中，语义分割可以为图像每个像素赋予类别信息，是自动驾驶场景理解中最常用的方法。但是，目前常用的语义分割算法在速度和精度上大都不能达到很好的平衡。本文在MobileNetV2的基础上，提出了一种多层次特征融合的方法，使得网络可以在实时运行的同时保证精度满足实际应用的需求，并在Cityscapes数据集上进行了试验验证和分析。  相似文献   

移动轨迹的尺度特征     

刘民士  龙毅  孙勇 《测绘通报》2020,(4):134-138

移动轨迹是移动对象在地理空间环境中移动而留下的痕迹。移动轨迹数据是一类特殊的地理时空数据，它具有时间尺度、空间尺度和语义尺度特征。本文首先分析了轨迹数据的空间尺度特征与时间尺度特征，建立了轨迹空间尺度与时间尺度转换关系式；然后论述了轨迹的语义内涵和语义尺度特征，将轨迹语义分为移动对象语义、地理空间环境语义、采集设备语义、移动方式语义，并从地理空间环境语义的角度分析了轨迹的语义多尺度；最后探讨了轨迹语义尺度与时空尺度之间的一致性关系。  相似文献   

多源地理空间矢量数据关联分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郭黎  姜晶莉  李豪  王云阁 《测绘通报》2020,(6):71

针对多源地理空间矢量数据多来源、难以集成综合利用这一现状，本文提出了多源地理空间矢量数据关联方法，并以此为基础构建了多源地理空间矢量数据关联的可视与计算查询系统。首先，对多源地理空间矢量数据关联的概念及分类进行了定义。然后，以此为基础，提出了关联关系构建技术：自适应四叉树编码技术、扫描线技术、几何匹配及语义匹配技术。最后，为实现关联关系的直观展示，设计了原型系统。关联技术的提出可建立起多源地理空间矢量数据之间的关联关系，原型系统的构建也为用户综合利用多源地理空间矢量数据提供了平台，提高了数据的利用率及数据查询的效能。  相似文献   

2017年九寨沟7.0级地震前不同级别地震空区的演化过程分析     

张博  张辉  冯建刚  王朋涛 《中国地震》2018,34(4):765-771

结合传统地震学方法与数字地震学方法，回顾总结了日常分析预报中针对九寨沟7.0级地震开展的相关工作，梳理总结了地震前提出的甘东南地震异常信息，进一步讨论了九寨沟地震前中期、短期及临震异常特征。通过分析九寨沟7.0级地震之前区域范围内不同震级活动图像，发现甘青川交界地区5级空区在震前向震中一侧收缩、4级地震超长平静458天、3级空区在震前4天被打破的现象，同时发现，震中附近区域震源机制一致性较高，反映了震源区的高应力水平。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地塔中—巴楚地区奥陶系内幕不整合     

邓胜徽  杜品德  卢远征  黄智斌  景秀春  张师本  樊茹  杨芝林  李鑫 《地质论评》2015,61(2):324-332

塔里木盆地塔中-巴楚地区奥陶系内部存在一期重要的不整合。通过对数十口钻井的地层、古生物研究及与露头剖面的对比,发现该不整合的顶、底层位变化较大,地层缺失量在不同地区有所差异,可大致分为两种情况:其一是塔中地区,上奥陶统良里塔格组覆于鹰山组第三段(下奥陶统上部)之上,且有部分钻井良里塔格组下部也发育不全,缺失了至少11个牙形石带,相当于有17~20Ma的地层缺失;其二是巴楚地区,良里塔格组覆于鹰山组第二段或鹰山组第一段(中奥陶统下部)之上,缺失了至少8个牙形石带,相当于有约14Ma的地层缺失。上述地层缺失主要是由于中奥陶世以后塔里-巴楚地区出水成陆,碳酸盐岩地层受大气淡水溶蚀的结果。在不整合之下碳酸盐岩地层中形成的岩溶是十分重要的油气储层。因此,对该不整合的研究对于塔中、巴楚地区奥陶系,特别是鹰山组的油气勘探具有重要的意义。  相似文献